2. Which of the following is not a part of the leaf?
a. Blade
b. Apex
c. Node
d. Midrib
Answer: c. Node (The node is part of the stem, not the leaf.)
3. Leaves modified for food storage are found in ……
a. cactus
b. onion
c. barberry
d. date palm
Answer: b. onion
4. A simple leaf has …… lamina.
a. undivided
b. divided
c. single
d. both a. and c.
Answer: d. both a. and c. (undivided and single)
5. The different parts of Pitcher plant leaf are modified to trap insects. Which part forms the lid of the pitcher-like structure?
a. Leaf blade
b. Leaf apex
c. Leaf base
d. Petiole
Answer: b. Leaf apex (the tip of the leaf)
6. Ravi wanted to conduct an experiment on photosynthesis to test for the presence of starch. Which chemical will you suggest that will react with starch to give a blue-black colour?
a. Methylene blue
b. Methylated spirit
c. Iodine solution
d. Safranin
Answer: c. Iodine solution
7. The rachis of a compound leaf is represented by ……
a. veinlets
b. petiole
c. side vein
d. midvein
Answer: d. midvein (The rachis is like the main middle vein of a compound leaf.)
8. Leaves are the sites of gaseous exchange. Which of the following processes requires gaseous exchange?
P. Transpiration
Q. Photosynthesis
R. Respiration
a. Only P
b. Only Q
c. Only P and Q
d. Only Q and R
Answer: d. Only Q and R (Photosynthesis and Respiration)
9. Bryophyllum reproduces by the means of its ……
a. stem
b. leaf
c. seed
d. root
Answer: b. leaf
10. Compound leaf is found in ……
a. rose
b. mango
c. grape
d. peepal
Answer: a. rose
B. Assertion and Reasoning Questions
1. Assertion (A): Tendrils are coiled structures that help the plants to climb.
Reason (R): Tendrils in pea plant are an example of leaf modification for support.
a. Both A and R are True.
b. Both A and R are False.
c. A is True and R is False.
d. A is False and R is True.
Answer: a. Both A and R are True.
2. Assertion (A): Spines are meant to protect the plants from grazing animals.
Reason (R): Spines present in cactus plant are modification of the stem for protection.
a. Both A and R are True.
b. Both A and R are False.
c. A is True and R is False.
d. A is False and R is True.
Answer: c. A is True and R is False (Cactus spines are modified leaves, not stems.)
C. Name the following.
1. The part of plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.
Answer: Root
2. The type of venation in which veins are irregularly branched.
Answer: Reticulate venation
3. The type of plants that traps and digests insects
Answer: Insectivorous plants (e.g., Pitcher plant)
4. The part of a leaf that conducts water
Answer: Veins (or midrib)
5. The type of leaf which has undivided lamina
Answer: Simple leaf
Arrange and rewrite the terms in each group in the correct order (beginning with the underlined term)
1. Root, Leaves, Branches, Trunk (Underlined: Root)
Answer: Root, Trunk, Branches, Leaves
2. Leaf base, Mid vein, Petiole, Side veins (Underlined: Leaf base)
Answer: Leaf base, Petiole, Mid vein, Side veins
3. Insect sits on the pitcher plant leaf, Insect is digested for nitrogen, Insect is trapped, Leaf snaps shut (Underlined: Insect sits on the pitcher plant leaf)
Answer: Insect sits on the pitcher plant leaf, Insect is trapped, Leaf snaps shut, Insect is digested for nitrogen
4. Taproot, Tertiary root, Secondary root, Primary root (Underlined: Taproot)
Answer: Taproot, Primary root, Secondary root, Tertiary root
5. Leaf buds develop on margins, Buds develop into independent plants, Growth of roots in buds, Buds fall off from the leaf (Underlined: Leaf buds develop on margins)
Answer: Leaf buds develop on margins, Growth of roots in buds, Buds fall off from the leaf, Buds develop into independent plants
Match the items from Column A with Column B
| Column A | Column B |
| 1. Nerium | a. Main Vein |
| 2. Petiole | b. Leaf multiplication |
| 3. Pea | c. Leaf Base |
| 4. Bryophyllum | d. Leaf stalk |
| 5. Midrib | e. Leaf Tendril |
| f. Whorled leaf arrangement | |
| g. Vein and Veinlet |
Answers:
- Nerium — f. Whorled leaf arrangement
- Petiole — d. Leaf stalk
- Pea — e. Leaf tendril
- Bryophyllum — b. Leaf multiplication
- Midrib — a. Main vein
2. Leaflet, Rachis, Divided lamina, Undivided lamina
Answer: Odd one: Undivided lamina (that is for simple leaves). Category: Parts/features of a compound leaf.
3. Grape leaf, Rose leaf, Mango leaf, Peepal leaf
Answer: Odd one: Grape leaf (it is a compound leaf; others are simple leaves). Category: Simple leaves.
4. Venus flytrap, Sundew, Bryophyllum, Pitcher plant
Answer: Odd one: Bryophyllum (it reproduces by leaves, but does not trap insects). Category: Insectivorous plants.
5. Fibrous root, Secondary root, Primary root, Tertiary root
Answer: Odd one: Fibrous root (others are parts of a taproot system). Category: Parts of a taproot system.
Complete the passage
(1) …… is the process of release of water in the form of vapour through openings in leaf surfaces called (2) …… Leaves are green in colour due to the presence of (3) …… During photosynthesis water and (4) …… are used as raw materials for making food with the release of (5) …… as a byproduct.
Answer:
(1) Transpiration
(2) stomata
(3) chlorophyll
(4) carbon dioxide
(5) oxygen
SECTION II — Give reasons
1. Leaves of some desert plants are reduced to prickly structures.
Answer: To reduce water loss and protect the plant from animals.
2. The leaves of the pea plant are modified into tendrils.
Answer: To help the plant climb and get support.
3. Leaves of some plants are modified to digest insects.
Answer: Because these plants grow in soil that lacks nitrogen, so they get nitrogen by digesting insects.
4. Leaves contribute to water cycle.
Answer: Leaves release water vapour into the air through transpiration, which adds water to the atmosphere.
5. Stems are negatively geotropic.
Answer: Stems grow upwards, away from gravity. That is called negative geotropism.
1. Explain the following terms
1. Reticulate venation
Answer: A pattern of veins in a leaf where they form a net-like or branched shape. Example: Mango leaf.
2. Petiole
Answer: The small stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem.
3. Transpiration
Answer: The process by which plants release water vapour into the air through small pores in their leaves called stomata.
2. Differentiate between the following
1. Root system and shoot system
Answer: Root system grows underground, absorbs water and minerals. Shoot system grows above ground, includes stems, leaves, and flowers.
| Feature | Root System | Shoot System |
| 1. Growth direction | Grows downwards (positively geotropic) | Grows upwards (negatively geotropic) |
| 2. Response to light | Negatively phototropic (grows away from light) | Positively phototropic (grows towards light) |
| 3. Main function | Absorbs water and minerals from soil | Produces food through photosynthesis |
| 4. Parts included | Primary root, secondary roots, root hairs | Stem, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits |
| 5. Presence of chlorophyll | Absent (non-green) | Present in leaves and young stems (green) |
2. Simple leaf and compound leaf
Answer: Simple leaf has one undivided blade. Compound leaf has a blade divided into many small leaflets.
| Feature | Simple Leaf | Compound Leaf |
| 1. Lamina | Undivided (single continuous blade) | Divided into many separate leaflets |
| 2. Bud position | Bud is present in the axil of the leaf | Bud present in the axil of the whole leaf, NOT in leaflet axils |
| 3. Leaf fall | The entire leaf falls together as one piece | Leaflets may fall separately or the rachis falls with the leaflets |
| 4. Rachis | Absent (midrib is present instead) | Present (rachis acts as the main midrib for leaflets) |
| 5. Example | Mango, Peepal, Banana, Banyan | Rose, Neem, Tamarind, Clover |
3. Parallel venation and reticulate venation
Answer: Parallel venation has veins running side by side (e.g., grass). Reticulate venation has veins forming a net (e.g., mango).
4. Alternate arrangement of leaves and opposite arrangement of leaves
Answer: Alternate means one leaf per node, on different sides. Opposite means two leaves per node, facing each other.
5. Leaf margin and leaf midrib
Answer: Leaf margin is the edge of the leaf. Leaf midrib is the main central vein of the leaf.
3. Simple leaf — Leaf spines
Answer: Leaf spines are sharp, pointed structures that come from leaves. They protect the plant from animals. Example: Cactus spines are modified leaves.
4. Short answer questions
1. List the parts of a typical leaf.
- Leaf base – attaches the leaf to the stem.
- Petiole – the leaf stalk that connects the blade to the stem.
- Lamina (leaf blade) – the flat, green part that makes food.
- Midrib and veins – transport water and food; provide support.
2. State the functions of a leaf.
Answer:
- Photosynthesis – produces food (glucose) using sunlight, water, and CO₂.
- Transpiration – releases excess water vapour, helping in water transport and cooling.
- Gaseous exchange – takes in CO₂ and releases O₂ through stomata.
- Storage and protection – stores food in some plants (onion) and protects via spines (cactus).
3. What is the function of the fleshy leaves in onion?
Answer:
- Store food – store carbohydrates and water for the plant.
- Store water – help the plant survive dry periods.
- Protect inner buds – outer dry scales prevent damage and water loss.
- Aid in reproduction – bulb division allows new plants to grow.
4. How will you identify a monocot plant based on the root system and venation pattern?
Answer: Monocots have fibrous roots and parallel venation in leaves.
- Fibrous root system – many thin roots of equal size from the stem base.
- Parallel venation – veins run parallel to each other in leaves.
- Sheathing leaf base – leaf base wraps around the stem.
- Flower parts in multiples of three – a typical monocot feature.
5. The parts of a pitcher plant leaf are modified to trap insects. Explain.
Answer: The leaf blade forms a pitcher-like hollow. The leaf tip becomes a lid. The petiole may become a tendril. Insects slip inside and are digested.
5. Long answer questions
1. State the characteristics of root and shoot.
Answer: Root — grows underground, no leaves or buds, positively geotropic, absorbs water. Shoot — grows above ground, has leaves and buds, negatively geotropic, makes food.
| Characteristic | Root System | Shoot System |
| 1. Direction of growth | Grows downwards (positive geotropic) | Grows upwards (negative geotropic) |
| 2. Response to light | Negative phototropic (away from light) | Positive phototropic (towards light) |
| 3. Response to water | Positive hydrotropic (towards water) | Not hydrotropic |
| 4. Main function | Absorbs water and minerals | Makes food and supports plant |
| 5. Presence of leaves/buds | No leaves or buds | Has leaves, buds, and flowers |
2. Explain the different types of leaf modifications. (5 points)
Answer:
- Tendrils – for climbing (e.g., pea plant).
- Spines – for protection and to reduce water loss (e.g., cactus).
- Fleshy leaves – for food and water storage (e.g., onion).
- Pitcher-shaped leaves – for trapping and digesting insects (e.g., pitcher plant).
- Scale leaves – small, dry, protective leaves on underground stems (e.g., ginger).
3. Explain the different types of leaf arrangements in plants. (5 points)
Answer:
- Alternate – one leaf per node, on different sides (e.g., sunflower).
- Opposite – two leaves per node, facing each other (e.g., guava).
- Whorled – three or more leaves at one node (e.g., Nerium).
- Rosette – leaves arranged in a circle at the base (e.g., cabbage).
- Distichous – leaves in two opposite rows on either side of stem (e.g., grass).
4. Describe an activity to demonstrate photosynthesis. (5 points)
Answer:
- Keep a potted plant in darkness for 48 hours to remove all starch.
- Cover part of a leaf with black paper and place the plant in sunlight for 5–6 hours.
- Pluck the leaf and boil it in water to kill cells.
- Dip the leaf in alcohol to remove chlorophyll (leaf becomes pale).
- Add iodine solution. Exposed part turns blue-black (starch present); covered part does not.
5. Explain the different parts of the pitcher plant leaf and how they trap insects. (5 points)
Answer:
- Leaf blade – forms the pitcher-like hollow structure.
- Leaf apex (tip) – forms the lid that prevents rain from diluting digestive juices.
- Petiole – often modified into a tendril to support the pitcher.
- Peristome (rim) – slippery surface that causes insects to fall inside.
- Digestive glands – inside the pitcher; secrete enzymes to digest insects for nitrogen.
2. Explain the mode of reproduction in Bryophyllum.
Answer: Bryophyllum reproduces from its leaves. Small buds grow along the leaf edges. These buds fall off, grow roots, and become new plan
4. Explain the different types of leaf modifications.
Answer:
- Tendrils: for climbing (pea)
- Spines: for protection (cactus)
- Fleshy leaves: for food storage (onion)
- Pitcher-shaped leaves: for trapping insects (pitcher plant)
- Leaf buds: for reproduction (Bryophyllum)
5. Explain the different types of leaf arrangements in plants.
Answer:
- Alternate: one leaf per node
- Opposite: two leaves per node, facing each other
- Whorled: three or more leaves at one node
6. Describe an activity to demonstrate photosynthesis.
Answer: Take a potted plant and keep it in darkness for 2 days. Then cover part of a leaf with black paper. Keep the plant in sunlight for a few hours. Test the leaf with iodine solution. The part exposed to sunlight turns blue-black (starch present). The covered part does not change colour (no starch).
Picture Study (based on the image)
a. Label the parts numbered 1-3.
Answer: (Assuming a typical leaf)
1 — Petiole
2 — Midrib
3 — Lamina (leaf blade)
b. State the function of parts numbered 2 and 3.
Answer: Part 2 (midrib) gives strength and carries water. Part 3 (lamina) makes food by photosynthesis.
c. Is the leaf simple or compound? Give reasons.
Answer: Simple leaf. Because the lamina is not divided into separate leaflets.
d. What is the type of venation observed in the leaf?
Answer: Reticulate venation (net-like veins).
From: Plant Life – The Leaf (Shoot and Root System)
MCQ
1. Which part of the plant grows below the soil?
a) Shoot system
b) Leaf
c) Root system
d) Flower
Answer: c) Root system
2. The shoot system consists of all the following except:
a) Stem
b) Leaves
c) Roots
d) Flowers
Answer: c) Roots
Short Answer
1. What are the two main parts of a plant body?
Answer: The two main parts are the root system (underground) and the shoot system (above ground).
2. What is the function of roots?
Answer: Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil and fix the plant firmly into the ground.
Long Answer
1. Describe the shoot system and its parts.
Answer: The shoot system grows above the soil. It includes the stem, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, and buds. The stem supports the plant and carries water and food. Leaves make food. Flowers help in reproduction. Fruits protect seeds.
Assertion-Reason
Assertion (A): Roots grow towards gravity.
Reason (R): Roots are the non-green, non-photosynthetic part of the plant.
a) Both A and R are true.
b) Both A and R are false.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) A is false, R is true.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true.
From: Functions of the Root System & Types of Root Systems
MCQ
1. Which of the following is a function of roots?
a) Make food
b) Absorb water and nutrients
c) Produce flowers
d) Transpiration
Answer: b) Absorb water and nutrients
2. Carrot is an example of roots that:
a) Climb
b) Store food
c) Trap insects
d) Reproduce
Answer: b) Store food
3. A taproot system has:
a) Many equal-sized roots
b) One thick primary root
c) No root hairs
d) Roots only from leaves
Answer: b) One thick primary root
4. Fibrous root system is found in:
a) Mango
b) Carrot
c) Grass
d) Peepal
Answer: c) Grass
Short Answer
1. What are root hairs and what do they do?
Answer: Root hairs are tiny hair-like parts on roots that help absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
2. Name two plants that store food in their roots.
Answer: Carrot and radish.
3. What is the difference between taproot and fibrous root?
Answer: Taproot has one main thick root going deep (e.g., mango). Fibrous root has many equal-sized thin roots from the stem base (e.g., grass).
Long Answer
1. Explain the two types of root systems with examples.
Answer:
- Taproot system: One thick main root grows deep. Secondary and tertiary roots come out of it. Example: Mango, carrot.
- Fibrous root system: Many thin roots of equal size grow from the base of the stem. Example: Grass, maize.
Assertion-Reason
Assertion (A): Roots anchor plants firmly to the soil.
Reason (R): Roots bear numerous root hairs that help in absorption.
a) Both A and R are true.
b) Both A and R are false.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) A is false, R is true.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true.
From: Case Study – SDG 15 (Desertification in Rajasthan)
MCQ
1. What was the main problem faced by the tribal village in Rajasthan?
a) Floods
b) Desertification
c) Too many trees
d) Insect attack
Answer: b) Desertification
2. How did the villagers restore their land?
a) Built factories
b) Planted native trees and grass
c) Removed all trees
d) Used more chemicals
Answer: b) Planted native trees and grass
Short Answer
1. What is desertification?
Answer: Desertification is when fertile land turns into desert due to loss of trees, water, and good soil.
2. How can we reduce desertification?
Answer: By planting more trees, keeping grass cover on land, and protecting forests.
3. How do roots help improve topsoil quality?
Answer: Roots hold the soil together, prevent erosion, and add organic matter to make soil fertile.
4. Which root system is better for preventing soil erosion and why?
Answer: Fibrous root system is better because many thin roots spread near the surface and hold the soil tightly.
From: Shoot System and Activity
MCQ
1. The region on the stem where leaves and buds arise is called:
a) Internode
b) Node
c) Leaf axil
d) Petiole
Answer: b) Node
2. The angle between the stem and leaf base is called:
a) Node
b) Internode
c) Leaf axil
d) Lamina
Answer: c) Leaf axil
Short Answer
1. What is the function of the stem?
Answer: The stem supports branches, leaves, and flowers. It carries water from roots to leaves and food from leaves to other parts.
2. Why are young stems green?
Answer: Young stems are green because they contain chlorophyll and can make food by photosynthesis.
Long Answer
1. List five functions of the stem.
Answer:
- Supports branches, leaves, and flowers.
- Holds leaves in sunlight.
- Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
- Transports food from leaves to all parts.
- Stores food in some plants (e.g., potato).
From: Leaf – Parts of a Leaf
MCQ
1. The flat, expanded part of a leaf is called:
a) Petiole
b) Lamina
c) Leaf base
d) Midrib
Answer: b) Lamina
2. The stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem is called:
a) Midrib
b) Leaf apex
c) Petiole
d) Leaf margin
Answer: c) Petiole
3. The thick vein running through the middle of the leaf is called:
a) Side vein
b) Midrib
c) Veinlet
d) Petiole
Answer: b) Midrib
Short Answer
1. Name the main parts of a leaf.
Answer: Leaf base, petiole, lamina (leaf blade), midrib, side veins, leaf margin, and leaf apex.
2. What is the function of veins in a leaf?
Answer: Veins provide support and carry water, minerals, and food throughout the leaf.
From: Types of Leaves – Simple and Compound
MCQ
1. A simple leaf has:
a) Divided lamina reaching the midrib
b) Single undivided lamina
c) Many leaflets
d) No petiole
Answer: b) Single undivided lamina
2. Example of a compound leaf is:
a) Mango
b) Peepal
c) Rose
d) Grape
Answer: c) Rose
3. The midrib of a compound leaf is called:
a) Petiole
b) Rachis
c) Veinlet
d) Lamina
Answer: b) Rachis
Short Answer
1. What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf?
Answer: Simple leaf has one undivided lamina (e.g., mango). Compound leaf has lamina divided into many small leaflets (e.g., rose).
2. Where is a bud found in a compound leaf?
Answer: A bud is found in the axil of the whole compound leaf, not in the axil of each leaflet.
From: Arrangement of Leaves on Stem
MCQ
1. In alternate arrangement, how many leaves arise at each node?
a) Two
b) Three or more
c) One
d) No leaves
Answer: c) One
2. A whorled arrangement of leaves means:
a) Two leaves at each node
b) One leaf at each node
c) More than two leaves at each node
d) No leaves at all
Answer: c) More than two leaves at each node
3. Opposite arrangement is seen in:
a) Hibiscus
b) Nerium
c) Guava
d) Grass
Answer: c) Guava
Short Answer
1. Why are leaves arranged in different patterns on the stem?
Answer: Leaves are arranged in different patterns on the stem to get maximum sunlight for making food.
2. Name the three types of leaf arrangements.
Answer: Alternate, opposite, and whorled.
From: Venation in Leaves
MCQ
1. Reticulate venation means:
a) Veins running parallel
b) Veins forming a net-like network
c) No veins
d) Only one vein
Answer: b) Veins forming a net-like network
2. Parallel venation is found in:
a) Mango
b) Peepal
c) Banana
d) Guava
Answer: c) Banana
Short Answer
1. What is venation?
Answer: Venation is the arrangement of veins and veinlets in a leaf blade.
2. Give one example each of reticulate and parallel venation.
Answer: Reticulate – Mango leaf. Parallel – Banana leaf.
From: Functions of a Leaf and Photosynthesis Activity
MCQ
1. The process by which leaves make food is called:
a) Transpiration
b) Respiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Germination
Answer: c) Photosynthesis
2. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Oxygen
3. Iodine solution turns blue-black in the presence of:
a) Glucose
b) Starch
c) Chlorophyll
d) Water
Answer: b) Starch
Short Answer
1. What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis?
Answer: Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll.
2. Why is the plant kept in the dark for 48 hours before the photosynthesis experiment?
Answer: To remove all starch from the leaves so the experiment gives correct results.
Long Answer
1. Describe an activity to show that leaves make starch in sunlight.
Answer:
- Keep a potted plant in the dark for 48 hours.
- Place it in sunlight for 5–6 hours.
- Pluck a leaf and boil it in water.
- Dip it in alcohol to remove chlorophyll.
- Add iodine solution.
- The leaf turns blue-black, showing starch is made.
Transportation Activity
MCQ
1. The process of water release from leaves as vapour is called:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Condensation
Answer: c) Transpiration
2. Water droplets inside a plastic bag over a leaf show:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Transpiration
c) Germination
d) Reproduction
Answer: b) Transpiration
Short Answer
1. What is transpiration?
Answer: Transpiration is the release of water vapour from leaves through small openings called stomata.
Leaf Modification for Support (Tendrils)
MCQ
1. Leaf tendrils help the plant to:
a) Store food
b) Climb
c) Trap insects
d) Protect from animals
Answer: b) Climb
2. Leaf tendrils in pea plants are an example of modification for:
a) Support
b) Food storage
c) Protection
d) Reproduction
Answer: a) Support
Assertion-Reason
Assertion (A): Tendrils are coiled structures that help plants climb.
Reason (R): Tendrils in pea plants are modified leaves.
a) Both A and R are true.
b) Both A and R are false.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) A is false, R is true.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true.
Leaf Modification for Protection (Spines)
MCQ
1. Spines in cactus are modified:
a) Stems
b) Leaves
c) Roots
d) Flowers
Answer: b) Leaves
2. Spines help desert plants to:
a) Store more water
b) Reduce water loss
c) Make food
d) Attract insects
Answer: b) Reduce water loss
Short Answer
1. Why do cactus have spines instead of normal leaves?
Answer: To reduce water loss and protect the plant from grazing animals.
Leaf Modification for Food Storage (Onion)
MCQ
1. In onion, food and water are stored in:
a) Roots
b) Fleshy leaves
c) Stem
d) Flowers
Answer: b) Fleshy leaves
2. The outer dry leaves of onion are for:
a) Food storage
b) Protection
c) Photosynthesis
d) Reproduction
Answer: b) Protection
Short Answer
1. What is the function of fleshy leaves in an onion?
Answer: They store food and water.
Leaf Modification for Capturing Insects (Pitcher Plant, Venus Flytrap)
MCQ
1. Which part of the pitcher plant forms the lid?
a) Leaf base
b) Petiole
c) Leaf apex
d) Midrib
Answer: c) Leaf apex
2. Why do insectivorous plants trap insects?
a) For water
b) For nitrogen
c) For sunlight
d) For oxygen
Answer: b) For nitrogen
3. In Venus flytrap, when does the leaf snap shut?
a) When it rains
b) When an insect touches the hairs
c) When wind blows
d) When sunlight falls
Answer: b) When an insect touches the hairs
Short Answer
1. How does a pitcher plant trap insects?
Answer: The leaf blade forms a pitcher with a lid. The inner surface is slippery. When an insect sits on the rim, it slips inside and is digested.
2. Why do some plants need to trap insects?
Answer: Because they grow in soil that lacks nitrogen. They get nitrogen from insects.
Vegetative Propagation by Leaves (Bryophyllum)
MCQ
1. Bryophyllum reproduces by its:
a) Root
b) Stem
c) Leaf
d) Seed
Answer: c) Leaf
2. Small buds on the margins of Bryophyllum leaves are called:
a) Leaflets
b) Adventitious buds
c) Spines
d) Tendrils
Answer: b) Adventitious buds
Short Answer
1. How does Bryophyllum reproduce from leaves?
Answer: Small buds grow on the leaf margins. They grow roots, fall off, and become new plants.
Know Your SDGs – Nature Walk
Short Answer
1. Why did children experience better air quality on mountains than in cities?
Answer: Because mountains have more trees that release oxygen and absorb pollution.
2. What could be the purpose of collecting fallen leaves and twigs by locals?
Answer: To make compost (natural fertilizer) or use as fuel.
3. Why have butterflies and birds declined in cities?
Answer: Because of pollution, loss of trees and plants, and lack of food and shelter.
From: Fill in the Blanks (from last page)
Fill in the blanks
1. Young stems are …… (brown/green) in colour.
Answer: green
2. Vegetative buds give rise to …… (flowers/branches).
Answer: branches
3. The stalk of a leaf is called …… (pedicel/petiole).
Answer: petiole
4. …… (Simple/Compound) leaf is found in mango plant.
Answer: Simple
5. Leaves release water in the form of …… (evaporation/transpiration).
Answer: transpiration