A. Choose the correct option.

1. What percentage of total water is fresh water?

(a) 0.03% (b) 3% (c) 97% (d) 100%

Answer. (b) 3%

2. The process by which the liquid form of a substance changes into its gas form is called

(a) evaporation (b) condensation (c) transpiration (d) none of these.

Answer. (a) evaporation

3. Which of the following is not a natural disaster?

(a) Flood (b) Drought (c) Water harvesting (d) None of these.

Answer. ( c) Water harvesting

4. Which of the following methods can help in conserving water?

(a) Rainwater harvesting (b) Recycling of water (c) Fixing leaking Tap (d) All of these

Answer. (d) All of these

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

1.______ (River/Sea) is a source of fresh water.

Answer. River (River/Sea) is a source of fresh water.

2. Conversation of a substance form its gas to its liquid form is called ( evaporation/ condensation)

Answer.  conversion of a substance from its gas to its liquid form is called condensation.

3. India is an ______ (industrial/agricultural) economy.

Answer. India is an __agricultural____ (industrial/agricultural) economy

4. A visible collection of tiny water droplets floating in the air at a height above the Earth’s surface is called _______ (cloud /atmosphere)

Answer. A visible collection of tiny water droplets floating in the air at a height above the Earth’s surface is called cloud (cloud /atmosphere)

5. _______ ( Drought/ famine) is an acute shortage of food in a region over a long time.

Answer. Famine (Drought/ famine) is an acute shortage of food in a region over a long time.

c. Correct the following statements by changing in the underlined words.

1. Water vapour is the liquid state of water .

Answer.Incorrect: Water vapour is the liquid state of water.
Correct: Water vapour is the gaseous state of water.

2. Abnormally long period of insufficient or no rainfall is called famine.

Incorrect: Abnormally long periods of insufficient or no rainfall are called famine.

Correct: Abnormally long periods of insufficient or no rainfall are called drought.

3. Precipitation is the process by which plants release water vapour into the atmosphere.

Answer.Incorrect: Precipitation is the process by which plants release water vapour into the atmosphere.
Correct: Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapour into the atmosphere.

4.Drought is a situation when the ground gets submerged in water.

Answer. Incorrect: Drought is a situation when the ground gets submerged in water.
Correct: A flood is a situation when the ground gets submerged in water.

D. Write one word for the following.

1. The cyclic movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth and back to the atmosphere through various process.

Answer. Water cycle

2.An acute shortage of food in a region for a long period.

Answer. Famine

3. A disease affecting thousands of people at the same time.

Answer. Epidemic

4. An artificial wall built across a river, which stops the flow of water in order to generate electricity.

Answer. Dam

5. Collecting rainwater from roofs and storing it in underground tanks.

Answer. Rainwater harvesting

6. The process in which the water stored in clouds comes down on the Earth in the form of rain snow etc.

Answer. Precipitation.

E. Differentiate between the following.

1. Evaporation vs. Transpiration

Evaporation	Transpiration
The process by which water changes into vapour due to heat.	The process by which plants release water vapour from their leaves.
Happens from water bodies like rivers, lakes, and oceans.	Happens in plants and trees.
It increases with temperature.	It occurs during photosynthesis.

•  Drought vs. Flood

Drought	Flood
Long period of little or no rainfall.	Leads to the submerging of land and waterlogging.
Leads to water shortages and dry land.	Leads to submerging of land and waterlogging.
Crops fail due to a lack of water.	Crops are destroyed due to excess water.

F. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the different sources of fresh water?
   1. Rivers
   1. Lakes
   1. Groundwater (wells and borewells)
   1. Rainwater
   1. Glaciers
2. Describe the different uses of water.
   1. Drinking and cooking – Essential for survival.
   1. Agriculture – Used for irrigation of crops.
   1. Industry – Factories use water for cooling and processing.
   1. Electricity production – Used in hydroelectric power plants.
   1. Cleaning and sanitation – Used in homes for bathing and washing.
3. Why do wet clothes dry out after a few hours?
   1. Wet clothes dry due to evaporation.
   1. The heat from the sun or air turns water into vapour.
   1. The process is faster in warm or windy weather.
4. Describe a simple activity to demonstrate the condensation of steam.
   1. Boil water in a pot.
   1. Hold a metal plate above the steam.
   1. Tiny water droplets will form on the plate due to condensation.
5. How are clouds formed?
   1. The sun heats water from rivers and oceans, causing evaporation.
   1. Water vapour rises and cools down at higher altitudes.
   1. The vapour condenses into tiny droplets, forming clouds.
6. Label and complete the following diagram. Describe the diagram in your own words.
   
   
   1. Evaporation – Water from oceans, lakes, and rivers turns into vapour.
   1. Condensation – Vapour cools and forms clouds.
   1. Precipitation – Clouds release water as rain, snow, or hail.
   1. Collection – Water flows back into lakes, rivers, and oceans.
7. Describe the different ways in which we can conserve water.
   1. Rainwater harvesting – Collecting and storing rainwater.
   1. Fixing leaks – Preventing water wastage.
   1. Reusing water – Using wastewater for gardening.
   1. Drip irrigation – Watering plants with minimal waste.
   1. Spreading awareness – Educating people about water conservation.
8. What is rainwater harvesting?
   1. The process of collecting and storing rainwater for later use.
   1. Helps in recharging groundwater and reducing water shortages.
9. How can we keep our water sources clean?
   1. Avoid throwing waste in rivers and lakes.
   1. Reduce the use of plastic and non-biodegradable waste.
   1. Treat sewage water before releasing it into water bodies.
   1. Avoid excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides.
10. What are the effects of water pollution?

1. Causes diseases like cholera and dysentery.
2. Kills aquatic life (fish and plants).
3. Makes water unfit for drinking and agriculture.
4. Reduces oxygen levels in water bodies.