Answer the following questions in one sentence 

• How do we determine the speed of a moving object?
• List any two types of watches used today.
• What is the working principle of an hourglass.
• How do we change the time period of a simple pendulum?

Answer. (a) We determine the speed of a moving object by dividing the distance traveled by the time it takes to travel that distance.

Answer. (b) Two types of watches used today are digital watches and analog watches.

Answer. (c) The working principle of an hourglass is the flow of sand from one bulb to another at a constant rate, measuring the passage of time.

Answer. (d) We change the time period of a simple pendulum by altering its length, with a longer pendulum having a longer time period and a shorter pendulum having a shorter time period.

What is the principle of a water clock?

Observe the graphs below and answer the question that follows

Answer . A water clock measures time by the regulated flow of water into or out of a container.

5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences

a. What is the difference between uniform and nonuniform motion?

b. What factors do we consider to conclude, whether an object is moving fast  and slow ?

c. Define the following quantities.

  (i) Time

   (ii)Oscillation

d. Draw a distance-time graph for each of the following cases.

 (i) Parked car

  (ii) Car moving at a constant speed

 a. Difference Between Uniform and Nonuniform Motion

Uniform motion occurs when an object travels equal distances in equal intervals of time, maintaining a constant speed. Nonuniform motion happens when an object travels unequal distances in equal intervals of time, indicating a change in speed or direction.

 b. Factors to Determine Fast and Slow Movement

To determine whether an object is moving fast or slow, we consider the distance it covers in a given time and compare it to other objects or standard benchmarks. The speed is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken, with a higher speed indicating faster movement.

 c. Definitions

(i) Time: Time is a continuous, measurable quantity in which events occur in a sequence from the past through the present to the future. It is measured in units such as seconds, minutes, and hours.

(ii) Oscillation: Oscillation is the repetitive variation or fluctuation of a system about an equilibrium position, typically in a regular and periodic manner, such as the swinging of a pendulum.

 d. Distance-Time Graphs

(i) Parked Car: A distance-time graph for a parked car is a horizontal line parallel to the time axis, indicating no change in distance over time.

(ii) Car Moving at Constant Speed: A distance-time graph for a car moving at a constant speed is a straight, diagonal line, showing a constant rate of distance increase over time.