Q1. Choose the correct option.

a. Which plants reproduce by the sexual mode of reproduction?

• I. Mango
• II. Potato
• III. Yam
• IV. Onion

Options:

• i. Only (I)
• ii. Only (II)
• iii. Both (II) and (III)
• iv. Both (III) and (IV)

Answer: I. Only(I)

b. Artificial propagation refers to the man-made method of obtaining several plants from one plant. Which among the following methods of artificial propagation is also known as micropropagation?

• I. Cutting
• II. Grafting
• III. Layering
• IV. Tissue culture

Answer: iv. Tissue culture

c. Fruits of plant X are fleshy, juicy, sweet, and scented. What type of seed dispersal would be seen in this plant?

• i. Wind
• ii. Water
• iii. Animal
• iv. Both (i) and (iii)

Answer: iii. Animal

d. Which among the following structures is formed by the germination of spores in moss?

• i. Archegonium
• ii. Sporangium
• iii. Gametophyte
• iv. Antheridium

Answer: iii. Gametophyte

Q2. Match Column A with Column B.

Column A	Column B
Watermelon	i. Vegetative propagation through roots.
Dahila	ii. Bisexual flowers
Sweet pea	iii. Vegetative propagation-through leaves
d.begonia.	iv. Unisexual flower.

Answer.

Column A	Column B
a.Watermelon	iv. Unisexual flower
b. Dahlia	i. Vegetative propagation through roots
c. Sweet pea	ii. Bisexual flowers
d. Begonia	iii. Vegetative propagation through leaves

Q3. Find the odd one out based on the criteria in the bracket.

a. Yam, hibiscus, sweet potato, ginger (mode of reproduction):

Answer. Odd one out: Hibiscus
(Hibiscus reproduces sexually, while the others reproduce vegetatively.)

b. Tomato, brinjal, cucumber (type of flower):

Answer. Odd one out: Cucumber
(Cucumber has unisexual flowers, while tomato and brinjal have bisexual flowers.)

c. Pine, grass, wheat, traps (agents of pollination):

Answer. Odd one out: Traps
(The rest are wind-pollinated, while traps do not relate to pollination directly.)

d. Milkweed, burdock, jamun, Urena (types of dispersal agent):

Answer. Odd one out: Jamun
(Jamun is dispersed by animals, while the others are dispersed by sticking to fur or clothing.)

Q4. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

a. Why is reproduction an essential life process?

Answer. Reproduction ensures the survival of a species by producing new individuals.

b. Name the male reproductive part of a flower.

Answer. The male reproductive part of a flower is the stamen.

c. What are unisexual flowers?

Answer. Unisexual flowers have either male or female reproductive organs but not both.

Q5. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences.

a. Rhizopus has long, branching, filamentous structures called hyphae. These hyphae have three distinctive parts, and a knob-like structure X that produces numerous spores is present at the top of one of the three distinctive parts of hyphae.

i. Name the three distinctive parts of hyphae.

Answer. The three parts are stolon, rhizoids, and sporangiophore.

ii. Name the structure X.

Answer. The structure X is called a sporangium.

iii. What happens when structure X bursts?

Answer. When the sporangium bursts, it releases spores into the air, which can grow into new Rhizopus organisms.

b. What is pollination? Name the types of pollination.

Answer. Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. The two types are self-pollination and cross-pollination.

c. State three characteristics of insect-pollinated flowers.

Answer. Insect-pollinated flowers are usually brightly colored to attract insects, produce nectar as a reward, and have a pleasant fragrance to lure pollinators.