Q2. Assertion -Reasoning Questions.

For question numbers (i) and (ii), two statements are given and labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),(c), and (d) as given below.

• Both Assertation (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertation (A)
• Both Assertation (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertation (A) Assertation (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
• Assertation (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

     (i)Assertion: (A): Sycamore seeds are dispersed by wind.

         Reason: (R): Sycamore seeds have wings.

   Assertion: (A): A bisexual flower has both the male and female reproductive parts.

Reason: The male gamete is found inside the ovule and the female gamete is found inside the pollen grains.

Answer. For the following, select the correct option from (a), (b), (c), or (d):

(i) Assertion (A): Sycamore seeds are dispersed by wind.
Reason (R): Sycamore seeds have wings.

Answer: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(Sycamore seeds have wing-like structures that allow them to be carried by the wind.)

(ii) Assertion (A): A bisexual flower has both the male and female reproductive parts.
Reason (R): The male gamete is found inside the ovule, and the female gamete is found inside the pollen grains.

Answer: (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

(In a bisexual flower, the male part produces pollen grains with male gametes, while the female part has ovules containing female gametes.)

Q3. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

(a) What type of reproduction is seen in Rhizopus?
Answer. Rhizopus reproduces through spores, which are a form of asexual reproduction

(b) What is the main function of petals?
Answer. The main function of petals is to attract pollinators like insects with their bright colors and scent.

(c) In which part of a flower does fertilization occur?
Answer. Fertilization occurs in the ovary of the flower, where the ovules are located.

(d) Which structure produces the female gamete in ferns?
Answer. The archegonium in ferns produces the female gamete.

Q4. Answer the following question in 2-3 sentences.

(a)It is very important that seeds get scattered away from the parent plant justify this statement.

Answer. Seeds need to scatter away from the parent plant to avoid competition for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients. Dispersal helps the plant species spread to new areas, increasing their chances of survival and growth.

(b) Man has taken advantage of the vegetative mode of propagation in plants and adapted them to use in his gardens, nurseries, and in agriculture by artificial propagation. Give two advantages of artificial propagation.

Answer.(i)Faster reproduction: Artificial propagation allows for faster reproduction of plants compared to growing from seeds.

(2)Identical plants: It helps produce plants that are genetically identical to the parent, ensuring desired traits like better fruit or flowers.

Q5. Answer the following question in 3-4 sentences.

• Sourav cut a bad-bearing stem of a rose plant and planted it in the soil. He watered the stem regularly. What will he observe after a few days? Will the plant be identical to the parent plant? Why?
  Answer. After a few days, Sourav will observe new growth from the stem, including roots and shoots. Yes, the new plant will be identical to the parent plant because it was grown through vegetative propagation. Since this process does not involve seeds or genetic mixing, the plant will have the same characteristics as the parent.

(b) An artificial method of vegetative propagation was undertaken in laboratories It

 was based on the fact that a new plant can be grown from a single cell. Name this artificial method of vegetative propagation. Explain how this process takes place.

Answer. The artificial method is called tissue culture, also known as micropropagation. In this process, a small piece of plant tissue or even a single plant cell is taken from a plant and placed in a sterile environment with a nutrient-rich medium. The cells are provided with the right conditions (such as light, temperature, and hormones) to grow. Over time, the plant cells divide and develop into a small plant. These tiny plants, called plantlets, can then be transplanted into soil, where they grow into mature plants. Tissue culture is commonly used in agriculture to rapidly produce large numbers of identical plants that are disease-free and have desirable traits.