1. Give examples of 3 plants that have:

a) Spiny Fruits:

1. Jackfruit – Has a spiky outer skin.
2. Durian – Covered with sharp, thorny husks.
3. Chestnut – Enclosed in a prickly shell.

b) Spiny Stem:

1. Cactus – Modified stems with spines for water conservation.
2. Rose – Stems have thorns for protection.
3. Blackberry – Thorny stems to deter herbivores.

c) Red Flowers:

1. Hibiscus – Bright red petals, commonly found in tropical regions.
2. Rose – Symbolic flower with red varieties.
3. Poppy – Vibrant red blooms, often seen in temperate climates.

d) Yellow Flowers:

1. Sunflower – Large yellow petals, heliotropic nature.
2. Marigold – Used in decorations, with bright yellow-orange blooms.
3. Daffodil – Early spring flower with trumpet-shaped yellow petals.

e) Leaves Which Close at Night:

1. Touch-Me-Not (Mimosa pudica) – Leaves fold when touched or at night.
2. Wood Sorrel – Exhibits nyctinasty (night-time movement).
3. Prayer Plant (Maranta leuconeura) – Leaves fold upward at night.

f) Single-Seeded Fruits:

1. Mango – Contains one large seed (drupe).
2. Peach – Single pit enclosed in fleshy fruit.
3. Avocado – Large central seed.

g) Many-Seeded Fruits:

1. Tomato – Numerous small seeds embedded in pulp.
2. Pumpkin – Hundreds of flat, white seeds.
3. Watermelon – Multiple black/brown seeds throughout.

2. Observe any one flower and its various parts and describe it in your own words:

Example: Hibiscus Flower

• Petals: Bright red, large, and overlapping to attract pollinators.
• Stamen: Male part with filament and pollen-bearing anthers.
• Pistil: Female part (stigma, style, ovary) for seed production.
• Sepals: Green leaf-like structures protecting the bud.
• Calyx: Collective term for sepals at the flower’s base.

3. What Are the Similarities and Differences between?

a) Jowar (Sorghum) vs. Moong (Mung Bean)

• Similarities: Both are crops grown for food.
• Differences:
  • Jowar: Cereal grain, tall grass-like plant.
  • Moong: A legume that fixes nitrogen in the soil, characterized by bushy growth.

b) Onion vs. Coriander

• Similarities: Both are kitchen herbs.
• Differences:
  • Onion: Bulb plant, underground edible part.
  • Coriander: Leafy herb, seeds used as spice.

c) Banana Leaf vs. Mango Leaf

• Similarities: Both are broad and possess the ability to photosynthesize.
• Differences:
  • Banana: Large, flexible, no distinct veins.
  • Mango: Oval, leathery texture, prominent midrib.

d) Coconut Tree vs. Jowar Stalk

• Similarities: Both are monocots.
• Differences:
  • Coconut: Tall, woody perennial with fibrous fruit.
  • Jowar: Annual grass crop, slender stalks.

Q5.  Describe the Functions of various parts of the Plant :

• Roots: Anchor plant, absorb water/minerals.
• Stem: Supports leaves, transports nutrients (xylem/phloem).
• Leaves: Photosynthesis, gas exchange (stomata).
• Flowers: Reproduction via pollination.
• Fruits: Protect seeds, aid in dispersal.

6. Leaf Properties and Examples:

• Smooth Surface: Peepal (Ficus religiosa) – Glossy, heart-shaped leaves.
• Rough Surface: Sandpaper Vine (Petrea volubilis) – Abrasive texture.
• Fleshy Leaf: Aloe Vera – Stores water in thick leaves.
• Spines on Leaf: Agave – Modified leaves for defense.