A. Choose the correct option.

1. Which of these affects the variety of plants and animals found in a region ?

• Climate (b) Physical features (c) Type of soil (d) both (a) and (b)

2. The binding of soil particles by roots helps to prevent which of the following?

(a) Deforestation (b) Soil erosion (c) Rain formation(d) All of these.

3. Which of these do we get from forests?

(a) Medicines (b) Timber (c) Rubber, paints, and varnishes (d) All of these.

4. Which of these do bacteria and fungi belong to?

(a) Producers (b) Consumers (c) Decomposers (d) All of these

5. Which of these would help in conserving forests?

(a) Illegal logging (b) Overgrazing  (c) Deforestation (d) Afforestation.

 A. Choose the Correct Option

1. (d) both (a) and (b) – Climate and physical features affect the variety of plants and animals found in a region. 

2. (b) Soil erosion – The binding of soil particles by roots helps prevent soil erosion. 

3. (d) All of these – Forests provide medicines, timber, rubber, paints, and varnishes. 

4. (c) Decomposers – Bacteria and fungi belong to decomposers, which break down dead organic matter. 

5. (d) Afforestation – Planting trees (afforestation) helps conserve forests.

B. Fill in the Blanks

1. The climate affects the variety of plants and animals found in a region. 

2. Roots of plants help to bind the soil particles together and prevent soil erosion. 

3. We use dry wood as firewood. 

4. Eucalyptus provides medicines. 

5. When animals die, their bodies are decomposed by fungi. 

6. Green plants are called producers because they can make their own food. 

7. Large-scale cutting of trees is called deforestation.

C. Write T for True or F for False

1. T – Trees play a major role in the formation of soil. 

2. F – Food chains exist in both land and water ecosystems. 

3. T – Plants help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. 

4. T – Deforestation has led to the destruction of many plants and animals. 

5. F – Large-scale cutting of trees is called deforestation, not afforestation. 

6. T – We should follow measures to conserve our forests.

 D. Answer the Following Questions

 1. Describe the Different Layers Found in Forests 

Forests are divided into four main layers: 

 Canopy Layer: The top layer formed by tall trees that receive the most sunlight. 

 Understory Layer: Consists of smaller trees and shrubs that grow beneath the canopy. 

 Shrub Layer: Includes bushes and young trees. 

 Forest Floor: The bottom layer covered with decomposing leaves, twigs, and fungi.

 2. How Do Trees Affect the Climate of a Place? 

Trees regulate the climate by: 

 Absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. 

 Providing shade and cooling the environment. 

 Increasing humidity through transpiration. 

 Acting as windbreakers to reduce wind speed.

 3. Name Two Trees That Act as Windbreakers 

 Neem Tree 

 Eucalyptus Tree

 4. Write a Short Note, with Examples, on Uses of Forests in Our Daily Life 

Forests are essential for life on Earth. They provide: 

 Oxygen: Trees produce oxygen through photosynthesis. 

 Timber: Used for building furniture and houses (e.g., teak, mahogany). 

 Medicines: Many plants, like neem and tulsi, have medicinal properties. 

 Food: Fruits, nuts, and spices come from forests. 

 Raw Materials: Rubber, paper, and resins are derived from forests.

 5. Explain the Difference Between a Food Chain and a Food Web 

 Food Chain: A linear sequence of organisms where each is eaten by the next (e.g., grass → deer → lion). 

 Food Web: A complex network of interconnected food chains, showing multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

 6. What is a Food Chain? How Does Energy Flow Through Different Levels in Nature? 

A food chain is a sequence of organisms where energy is transferred from one level to another. Energy flows as follows: 

 Producers (plants) convert sunlight into energy. 

 Primary Consumers (herbivores) eat plants. 

 Secondary Consumers (carnivores) eat herbivores. 

 Decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients.

 7. Write a Note on the Interdependence of Plants and Animals 

Plants and animals depend on each other for survival. 

 Plants provide oxygen, food, and shelter for animals. 

 Animals help in pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient recycling. 

 Decomposers break down dead plants and animals, enriching the soil for new plant growth.

 8. How Do Forests Reduce the Carbon Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere? 

Forests absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and store it in their biomass. This process helps reduce greenhouse gases, mitigating climate change.

9. Define Deforestation. What Are Its Consequences? 

Deforestation is the largescale cutting down of trees. Its consequences include: 

 Loss of biodiversity. 

 Increased soil erosion and flooding. 

 Rise in carbon dioxide levels, leading to global warming. 

 Disruption of water cycles and reduced rainfall.

 10. List Four Ways in Which We Could Conserve Our Forests 

1. Afforestation: Planting more trees to replace those cut down. 

2. Sustainable Logging: Using forest resources responsibly. 

3. Preventing Forest Fires: Implementing measures to control wildfires. 

4. Creating Awareness: Educating people about the importance of forests.