A. Choose the Correct Option
1. Which pigment in green plants is needed for photosynthesis?
Answer: (a) chlorophyll
2. In what form are carbohydrates stored in the plant body?
Answer: (a) starch
3. Which is NOT necessary for photosynthesis?
Answer: (b) oxygen (Oxygen is a byproduct, not a requirement.)
4. Which plant gets nutrition from decaying organic matter?
Answer: (b) Indian pipe (Saprophytic plant)
5. Which plant replenishes nitrogen in soil?
Answer: (b) Peas (Leguminous plant with nitrogen-fixing bacteria)
B. Fill in the Blanks
1. Nutrition refers to the process of taking in food for energy.
2. Chlorophyll is the green pigment in leaves.
3. The phloem carries food from leaves to other plant parts.
4. Parasitic plants obtain food from other green plants.
5. Insectivorous plants grow in nitrogen-deficient soils.
6. In a symbiotic relationship, both organisms benefit.
C. Name the Following
1. Autotrophs (e.g., green plants).
2. Saprophytes (e.g., mushrooms).
3. Symbiosis (e.g., lichen).
4. Fertilizer (e.g., NPK).
D. Answer the Following Questions
1. What is food? Why do living things need food?
- Food is a source of energy and nutrients. Living organisms need it for:
- Energy (for growth, movement).
- Repair of tissues.
- Metabolic processes (e.g., respiration).
2. Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic Nutrition
- Autotrophs make their own food (e.g., photosynthesis in plants).
- Heterotrophs depend on others for food (e.g., animals, fungi).
3. Photosynthesis & Requirements
- Definition: Process by which plants make food (glucose) using sunlight.
- Requirements:
1. Chlorophyll (pigment).
2. Sunlight.
3. Carbon dioxide (from air).
4. Water (from soil).
5. Word Equation for Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + Water→Sunlight/ChlorophyllGlucose + OxygenCarbon dioxide + WaterSunlight/ChlorophyllGlucose + Oxygen
Q6. What are xylem and phloem?
Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves. Made of dead cells (vessels and tracheids).
Phloem: Transports food (glucose) from leaves to other parts. Made of living cells (sieve tubes).
7. Short Notes with Examples
i. Parasitic Plants
Definition: Derive nutrition from host plants.
Example: Cuscuta (Dodder) – Lacks chlorophyll; wraps around host stems.
ii. Symbiotic Plants
Definition: Mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms.
Example: Lichen (Algae + Fungus) – Algae provides food; fungus offers shelter.
iii. Saprophytic Plants
Definition: Feed on decaying organic matter.
Example: Indian Pipe (Monotropa) – Grows on forest floors.
8. What are Insectivorous Plants? Give two examples?
Definition: Trap insects to compensate for nitrogen-deficient soils.
Examples:
1. Venus Flytrap – Snap traps.
2. Pitcher Plant – Pitfall traps.
9. With the help of an example, explain How Insectivorous Plants Trap Insects. (Example)
Pitcher Plant:
1. Attraction: Bright colors and nectar lure insects.
2. Trapping: Slippery walls cause insects to fall into the digestive fluid.
3. Digestion: Enzymes break down the insect for nutrients.
10. Describe two ways in which nitrogen can be added back into the Soil
1. Planting Legumes (e.g., peas, beans) – Host nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules.
2. Using Fertilizers – Chemical (urea) or organic (compost) sources.