- Fill in the blanks.
- ______ is a bacterial disease in cattle.
Answer. Anthrax is a bacterial disease in cattle.
- In_____ milk is first heated to a high temperature, such as 70°c for about 30 minutes, and then it is rapidly cooled.
Answer. In pasteurization, milk is first heated to a high temperature, such as 70°c for about 30 minutes, and then it is rapidly cooled.
- Viruses need a ____ cell to multiply.
Answer. Viruses need a host cell to multiply
- Coccus form of bacteria is____ shaped.
Answer. The coccus form of bacteria is spherical shaped
2. Match the columns.
| Serial Number | ColumnA | Column B |
| a. | Rhizobium | i. Algae |
| b. | Mushrooms | ii. Bacteria |
| c. | Paramecium | iii. Fungi |
| d. | Chlamydomonas | iv. Protozoa |
| Serial Number | ColumnA | Column B |
| a. | Rhizobium | ii. Bacteria |
| b. | Mushrooms | iii. Fungi |
| c. | Paramecium | iv. Protozoa |
| d. | Chlamydomonas | i. Algae |
Q3. Give technical /scientific terms for each of the following.
- The study of microorganisms.
Answer. Microbiology.
- Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria.
Answer. Rhizobium
- Modern method of food preservation in which food material is exposed to high-energy radiation
Answer. Irradiation
- Locomotory organs of the amoeba.
Answer. Pseudopodia
Q4. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
- Define fermentation.
Answer. Fermentation: it is a metabolic process where microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol, acids, or gases, e.g., yeast in bread-making.
b. State one plant disease each caused by bacteria and fungi.
Answer. Plant disease Citrus is caused by Bacteria.
Plant disease Rust of wheat is caused by fungi.
c. How do bacteria reproduce?
Answer. Bacterial reproduction: Mostly happens through binary fission, in asexual division.
Q5. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences.
a.Name the different types of bacteria according to their shape. Give examples for each type.
Answer. Coccus Streptococcus causes throat infections.
Bacillus rod-shaped: E. coli is found in the intestines.
Spirillum spiral: Treponema pallidum causes syphilis.
b. Microbes are friends as well as foes. Justify giving one example for each.
Answer. Microbes as Friends & Foes:
Friend: Lactobacillus helps make curd.
Foe: Salmonella causes food poisoning.
c. Mention two harmful effects of fungi.
Answer. Two harmful effects of fungi are:
Spoils food, e.g., bread mold.
Causes skin infections like ringworm.
Explain the role of microorganisms in cleaning the environment.
Answer. Role in Environmental Cleaning:
Decompose dead organic matter into nutrients through biodegradation.
Break down industrial waste e.g., oil spills using bioremediation.