1. Choose the appropriate option
a) The Supreme Law of the Land in most democratic countries of the world is __________.
Options:
i) The Constitution
ii) The police
iii) The Judiciary
iv) The Parliament
Answer: i) The Constitution
b) The Indian Constitution __________.
Options:
i) Promotes Hinduism as its state religion
ii) Promotes Islam as its state religion
iii) Promotes Hinduism and Islam
iv) Does not promote any religion
Answer: iv) Does not promote any religion
© In a Parliamentary form of government, the executive is answerable to the _____
i) The constitutional head
ii) The Legislature
iii) Prime Minister
iv) The Cabinet
Answer.ii) The Legislature
2. Assertion and Reasoning
a) Assertion (A): The Fundamental Rights are essential for the democratic functioning of a state.
Reason (R): They ensure protection against arbitrary acts of the state.
Answer: (i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Assertion (A): Rule of the Law ensures that only the law is supreme.
Reason (R): The government, however, is above the law.
Answer: (iii) A is true, but R is false
3. Match the Columns
| Column A | Column B |
| a) Indian Constitution | i) Government at the Centre and State level |
| b) Constituent Assembly | ii) Public control and distribution of all resources |
| c) Federalism | iii) Was in effect from 26th January 1950 |
| d) Separation of Powers | iv) Free from external control |
| e) Sovereign | v) Legislature, Executive, Judiciary |
| f) Socialism | vi) Was formed in 1946 |
| Column A | Column B |
| a) Indian Constitution | iii) Was in effect from 26th January 1950 |
| b) Constituent Assembly | vi) Was formed in 1946 |
| c) Federalism | i) Government at the Centre and State level |
| d) Separation of Powers | v) Legislature, Executive, Judiciary |
| e) Sovereign | iv) Free from external control |
| f) Socialism | ii) Public control and distribution of all resources |
4. Answer the following questions (80–90 words each)
a) What is a Constitution?
A Constitution is a written document that contains the fundamental rules and principles according to which a country is governed. It defines the powers and responsibilities of the government, the rights of citizens, and the structure of various institutions. It ensures equality, liberty, and justice for everyone. The Constitution acts as the highest law of the land, guiding how the government functions and how citizens are protected from misuse of power. It keeps the nation united and democratic.
b) What is the Preamble?
The Preamble is the opening part or introduction of the Indian Constitution. It reflects the philosophy, purpose, and goals of the Constitution. It declares India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, and Democratic Republic. The Preamble also highlights key values such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It serves as a guiding light for interpreting the Constitution and reminds citizens and leaders of the vision the makers of the Constitution had for building a fair and united India.
c) Why is fraternity important?
Fraternity means brotherhood and a feeling of unity among citizens. It is important because it helps people of different religions, languages, and cultures live peacefully together. Fraternity encourages mutual respect and understanding, preventing discrimination and hatred in society. It promotes harmony and national integration, which are necessary for a strong and peaceful nation. Without fraternity, there can be division, conflict, and imbalance. The Indian Constitution includes fraternity to maintain unity and emotional connection among all citizens.
d) What do you understand by the term Liberty?
Liberty means the freedom to think, express, and act without unfair restrictions. It allows individuals to share their opinions, follow their beliefs, and make life choices freely. In India, liberty is one of the key principles mentioned in the Preamble. It ensures that people have the right to freedom of speech, religion, and movement. Liberty is important for the growth of both individuals and the nation. However, it must be used responsibly, without harming others or disturbing peace.
5. Answer the following questions (80–90 words each)
a) Why do you think we need a Constitution?
We need a Constitution because it provides a clear framework for how a country is governed. It defines the powers of the government, protects citizens’ rights, and ensures that everyone is treated equally. The Constitution prevents misuse of power by setting limits on authority. It also maintains peace, justice, and order in society. Without a Constitution, there would be confusion, unfair treatment, and chaos. It acts as a rulebook that keeps democracy strong and protects people’s freedom.
b) Write a brief note on the legitimacy of law in our country.
In India, laws get their authority and legitimacy from the Constitution, which is the supreme law of the land. All other laws must follow the principles and values mentioned in it. If any law goes against the Constitution, it can be declared invalid by the courts. This ensures that laws are fair, just, and protect the Fundamental Rights of citizens. The Constitution gives people faith in the legal system and ensures that justice is maintained for everyone equally.
c) What is meant by the Rule of Law?
The Rule of Law means that everyone in a country—whether rich or poor, powerful or ordinary—must follow the same laws. No one is above the law, not even government officials or leaders. It ensures fairness, justice, and equality before the law. The Rule of Law protects people’s rights and prevents misuse of power. In India, the Rule of Law is a key principle of democracy and helps maintain peace, discipline, and trust in the government and legal system.
d) Why did the makers of our Constitution lay emphasis on Justice?
The makers of our Constitution gave great importance to justice because they wanted every citizen to be treated fairly and equally. After years of British rule, many people in India had faced social, economic, and political inequality. Justice ensures that no one is discriminated against because of caste, religion, or gender. It protects the weak and poor and gives everyone an equal chance to succeed. By ensuring justice, the Constitution builds a strong foundation for peace and harmony in society.
e) Why is our country called a Republic?
India is called a Republic because the head of the country, the President, is elected by the people’s representatives and not chosen by birth. This means that India does not have a king or queen. The power rests with the people, and leaders are elected through a democratic process. Being a Republic ensures equality among all citizens and allows every person, regardless of background, to hold the highest office in the country through merit and public service.
f) How does the Preamble reflect the objectives of our Constitution?
The Preamble reflects the main goals and values of the Indian Constitution. It highlights India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, and Democratic Republic, ensuring justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity for all citizens. These words express the vision of the Constitution makers—to create a nation where everyone enjoys freedom and equal opportunities. The Preamble acts as a summary of the Constitution’s spirit and guides lawmakers and citizens to uphold the principles of democracy, unity, and dignity for all.