Question 4
a) What is a Constitution?
A Constitution is the supreme law that defines the government’s structure, powers, and citizens’ rights.
b) What is the ‘Preamble’?
The Preamble is the Constitution’s introduction, stating its principles, aims, and guiding values.
c) Why is fraternity important?
Fraternity promotes unity, brotherhood, and harmony among citizens of diverse backgrounds.
d) What do you understand by the term ‘liberty’?
Liberty is the freedom to think, act, and express oneself without unfair restrictions.
– Question 5
a) Why do you think we need a Constitution?
We need a Constitution to ensure fair governance, protect citizens’ rights, and maintain law and order. It provides a framework for the government, prevents misuse of power, and promotes equality and justice. In a diverse country like India, the Constitution also maintains unity, defines citizens’ duties, and safeguards democracy by limiting the powers of authorities.
b) Write a brief note on the legitimacy of law in our country.
The legitimacy of law in India comes from the Constitution, the nation’s supreme authority. All laws must comply with the Constitution to be valid. They are made by elected representatives, ensuring they reflect people’s will. The law applies equally to all, regardless of status. Impartial enforcement builds trust, maintains order, and protects the rights and freedoms of every citizen.
c) Explain any three key features of the Indian Constitution.
- Federalism: Power is divided between the central and state governments.
- Secularism: The state does not promote any religion and treats all equally.
- Fundamental Rights: These guarantee equality, freedom, and protection from exploitation for all citizens.
d) What did the makers of the Constitution envision for the future of India?
The makers envisioned a democratic, secular, and inclusive India, ensuring justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. They aimed for a government that safeguards rights, promotes unity, and removes social inequalities. They wanted economic development, education for all, and a system protecting dignity. Their vision was a nation where all citizens could live freely and contribute to its progress.
e) Write about any three features of the ‘Preamble’ of the Indian Constitution.
- Sovereign: India is independent and free from external control.
- Democratic: Power rests with the people through elected representatives.
- Secular: All religions are treated equally, and the state has no official religion.
f) What do you understand by justice? Who is responsible for upholding it?
Justice means fairness in protecting rights and giving equal treatment to all. It ensures no discrimination based on caste, religion, or gender. In India, the Judiciary is primarily responsible for upholding justice, while the Legislature and Executive create and implement fair laws. Citizens also share this responsibility by respecting laws and the rights of others.
Question 6
The Constitution of India has given the freedom of speech and expression to every citizen. Do you think it is misused at times? Give reasons to support your answer.
The freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution. It allows citizens to share opinions, debate, and express ideas without fear, which is essential in a democratic society. This right encourages participation in governance and ensures that authorities remain accountable.
However, freedom also comes with responsibility. Article 19(2) imposes reasonable restrictions to protect public order, morality, security, and the sovereignty of India. Sadly, some misuse this freedom—spreading fake news, hate speech, or offensive content that can provoke violence or create disharmony. Misuse is common on social media, where unchecked posts can damage reputations and fuel communal tensions.
For example, spreading false rumors during sensitive situations can cause panic, while derogatory remarks against communities can disturb peace. Such actions undermine the purpose of free speech and harm society.
Therefore, citizens must use this right wisely—verifying facts before sharing, respecting others’ dignity, and avoiding harmful language. The government should ensure restrictions are enforced fairly without silencing genuine criticism.
In conclusion, freedom of speech is vital for democracy but must be balanced with responsibility and respect for others’ rights to maintain harmony.