2. Assertion and Reason Questions
a) Assertion (A): Child labour is a form of exploitation.
Reason (R): It puts the life of children in jeopardy.
Answer: (i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Assertion (A): Every community in India must follow a single script.
Reason (R): Cultural multiplicity is a feature of India.
Answer: (iv) A is false but R is true.
3. Given below are a few situations. Read the situations and identify the Fundamental Right being violated.
a) In a small town, a factory owner employs underage children to work long hours in hazardous conditions, depriving them of their right to education and a safe childhood.
Answer. Fundamental Right Violated: Right against Exploitation + Right to Education.
b) A politician in one state does not allow the workers from neighboring states to work in his state.
Answer.Fundamental Right Violated: Right to Equality + Right to Freedom of Movement.
4. Answer the questions in 10 to 20 words.
a) What are rights?
Rights are legal and moral entitlements that allow people to live with freedom, dignity, and equality.
b) What do you understand by the term ‘Child Labour’?
Child labour means employing children in work that harms their education, health, or childhood.
c) List the fundamental rights mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
Six Fundamental Rights are:
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
d) What are the two exceptions to the Right to Equality?
(i) Special provisions for women and children.
(ii) Reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes.
e) What are fundamental duties?
Answer. Fundamental duties are moral obligations of citizens to respect the Constitution, protect the nation, and promote harmony.
5. Answer the questions in 50 to 70 words.
a) What are cultural and educational rights?
Answer. Cultural and Educational Rights protect the culture, language, and heritage of minorities in India. They also ensure that minorities can establish and run their own educational institutions without discrimination. This right helps in preserving diversity and maintaining India’s unity.
b) What do you know about the Right to Freedom? Name the six rights to freedom that are guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.
Answer. The Right to Freedom allows citizens to live freely with dignity. It includes six freedoms:
- Freedom of speech and expression
- Freedom to assemble peacefully
- Freedom to form associations
- Freedom to move freely
- Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India
- Freedom to practice any profession or business.
c) ‘Right to Constitutional Remedies is the most important fundamental right’. Do you agree? Give reasons to support your
Answer. Yes, it is the most important right because it protects all other fundamental rights. If any right is violated, citizens can directly approach the Supreme Court or High Court for justice. Without this right, other rights would become meaningless, as there would be no way to enforce them.
d) What are the duties of an Indian citizen?
Answer. Duties of an Indian citizen include respecting the Constitution, national flag, and anthem, protecting the environment, promoting harmony, safeguarding public property, defending the country, and striving for excellence in all spheres of life.
e) Do you think all the people in India enjoy all the Fundamental Rights? Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer. Not all people in India fully enjoy their rights. Child labour, caste discrimination, gender inequality, and lack of awareness often prevent people from exercising their rights. Also, poverty and illiteracy limit access to justice. Though the Constitution guarantees rights, their enforcement is still a challenge in many parts of the country.
6. What do you think are the causes that lead to child labour? Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer. The main causes of child labour are poverty, unemployment of parents, lack of access to education, and cheap demand for child workers. Many families send children to work for survival. Employers exploit children as they are easy to control and can be paid less. Social inequality and weak law enforcement also contribute to the continuation of child labour.