- Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
- We get ______ (sugar starch) from rice.
Answer. We get starch from rice.
- ______ (Fats/ dietary fibre) are/is needed to help push the food down the intestines.
Answer. Dietary fibre is needed to help push the food down the intestines.
- We need ________ ( carbohydrates /proteins) to repair worn-out tissues.
Answer. We need proteins to repair worn-out tissues.
- Milk contains a sugar called ____ ( lactose/ fructose)
Answer. Milk contains a sugar called lactose.
- Scurvy is caused due to lack of vitamin ______(C/D).
Answer. Scurvy is caused due to a lack of vitamin C.
- _________ (Consumption/dehydration) is caused by a lack of an adequate amount of water.
Answer. Dehydration is caused by a lack of an adequate amount of water.
- ORS stands for ______ ( Oral Residual Solution/oral Rehydration Solution).
Answer. ORS stands for Oral Rehydration Solution.
- Name the food component linked with the following.
- Night blindness.
- Rickets.
- PEM
- Anaemia.
- Osteoporosis.
- Constipation.
- Goitre.
Night blindness – Vitamin
Rickets – Vitamin D
PEM (Protein-Energy Malnutrition) – Proteins
Anaemia – Iron
Osteoporosis – Calcium
Constipation – Dietary fibre
Goitre – Iodine
- Give two examples for each of the following.
Q1. Foods rich in starch.
Answer. Foods rich in starch – Rice, Potatoes
Q2. Food rich in plant proteins.
Answer. Food rich in plant proteins is Beans
Q3. Minerals needed in small quantities by the body.
Answer. Minerals needed in small quantities – Iodine, Zinc
Q4 . Food rich in dietary fibre.
Answer. Food rich in dietary fibre – Whole grains, Apples
Q5. Foods rich in vitamin C.
Answer. Foods rich in vitamin C – Oranges, Lemons
Q6. Foods rich in vitamin D.
Answer. Foods rich in iron – Spinach, Red meat
- Answer the following questions.
Q1.List the main components of food.
Answer. Main components of food :
The main components of food are:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Dietary fibre
- Water
Q2.Discuss the types of carbohydrates and their rich sources.
Answer. Carbohydrates are of two types:
- Simple carbohydrates (Sugars) – Found in fruits (fructose), milk (lactose), and table sugar (sucrose).
- Complex carbohydrates (Starch & Fibre) – Found in rice, wheat, potatoes, and whole grains.
Q3. Write the functions and two rich sources of (a) Carbohydrates (b)Proteins (c) fats (d) Vitamin k, and (e) calcium
Answer. (a) Carbohydrates
- Function: Provide energy.
- Sources: Rice, Bread
(b) Proteins
- Function: Repair body tissues and build muscles.
- Sources: Eggs, Pulses
(c) Fats
- Function: Store energy and protect organs.
- Sources: Butter, Nuts
(d) Vitamin K
- Function: Helps in blood clotting.
- Sources: Spinach, Broccoli
(e) Calcium
- Function: Strengthens bones and teeth.
- Sources: Milk, Cheese
Q4.What happens if we consume fats in large quantities?
Answer. If we consume fats in large quantities, it can lead to obesity, heart disease, and high cholesterol.
Q5.Why does our body need water?
Answer. Water helps in digestion, regulates body temperature, removes waste, and keeps cells hydrated.
Q6.Name any three minerals needed in large quantities and three minerals needed in small quantities by our body.
Answer. Minerals that are needed in large quantities are Calcium, Potassium, and Sodium
Minerals that are needed in small quantities are Iron, Zinc, and Iodine
Q7.What do you understand by dietary fibre? Why do we need it in our diet?
Answer. Dietary fibre is a type of carbohydrate that our body cannot digest. It helps in digestion, prevents constipation, and maintains the overall health of the digestive system.
Q8 What do you understand by a balanced diet?
Answer. A balanced diet includes all essential nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water) in the right proportions for proper growth and health.
Q9.What are deficiency diseases? Write five deficiency diseases along with the name of the nutrient linked with each.
Answer. Deficiency diseases occur due to lack of essential nutrients. Examples:
- Scurvy – Vitamin C
- Anaemia – Iron
- Goitre – Iodine
- Rickets – Vitamin D
- Night blindness – Vitamin A
Name the diseases caused by the deficiency of each of the following. Also, write two rich sources of each.
- Vitamin B12. (b.) Vitamin C. (C) Vitamin D (d) Iron (e) Potassium.
Answer. (a) Vitamin B12
- Disease: Pernicious anaemia
- Sources: Meat, Eggs
(b) Vitamin C
- Disease: Scurvy
- Sources: Citrus fruits, Guava
(c) Vitamin D
- Disease: Rickets
- Sources: Sunlight, Fish
(d) Iron
- Disease: Anaemia
- Sources: Spinach, Red meat
(e) Potassium
- Disease: Muscle weakness
- Sources: Bananas, Potatoes
Q11. What is ORS? When is it needed?
- ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution): A mixture of salt, sugar, and clean water used to treat dehydration.
- When needed: During diarrhoea, vomiting, or excessive sweating to restore lost fluids and electrolytes.