A. Choose the correct option
1. Seasons occur because of
Answer: (a) the Earth’s tilt
2. The climate is the weather of a place over many
Answer: (c) years
3. A hygrometer is used to measure
Answer: (b) humidity
4. Which of these is not a weather element?
Answer: (d) Distance from the sea
5. In what ways do animals adapt?
Answer: (d) All of these
6. Which of these helps a camel to live in deserts?
Answer: (b) A hump that stores fat and water
7. Which of these is an adaptation of a polar bear?
Answer: (d) All of these
8. Which of these animals have a thick layer of fat called blubber under the skin?
Answer: (d) Polar bear
9. Which of these birds show migration?
Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)
B. Fill in the blanks with the correct words
1. The Sun is about 1.39 ……………… (thousand/million) kilometres in diameter.
Answer: million
2. The Earth is the …………… (third/fifth) planet from the sun.
Answer: third
3. The Earth’s tilt is ……………… (25.5°/23.5°).
Answer: 23.5°
4. Places close to the sea have …………… (moderate/extreme) climate.
Answer: moderate
5. Animals and plants undergo______ (adaptations/ adoptions) so that they are able to survive in a particular climate.
Answer. adaptations
6. Animals living in ______ (dry and hot climates/ cold and wet) climates need to conserve water.
Answer. dry and hot climates
7. Elephants have large flapping ears which help them to stay _____(cool /warm)
Answer. Cool
8.Leaf and stick insects adapt to their environment by_____(camouflaging/hibernating)
Answer. camouflaging
9. In polar regions, animals adapt to conserve ___ (water/body heat) to stay warm.
Answer. body heat
10. Animals like polar bears and seals have _____ ( protein/fat) deposits called____ (blubber/body coat) to keep themselves warm.
Answer. fat, blubber
C. Answer the following questions
Q1. Distinguish between weather and climate.
Answer: Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a particular place, like sunny, rainy, or windy. Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period, usually 30 years or more.
Q2. What are weather elements?
Answer: Weather elements are the factors that describe weather. They include temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, air pressure, and sunshine.
Q3. Explain how the following features affect the climate of a place.
Answer. a. Latitude: Places near the equator are hotter, while places near the poles are colder.
b. Altitude: Higher places are cooler than lowlands.
c. Distance from the sea: Coastal areas have moderate climate, while interior areas have extreme climate.
d. Presence of mountains: Mountains block winds and cause rainfall on one side, leaving the other side dry.
Q4. Name any two instruments used to measure weather elements.
Answer:
- Thermometer – measures temperature
- Rain gauge – measures rainfall
Q5. What is adaptation? Why is it important for animals to adapt?
Answer: Adaptation is the special feature that helps animals and plants survive in their environment. It is important because it allows them to get food, protect themselves, and live in their surroundings.
Q6. What is migration? Name any two birds that migrate.
Answer: Migration is the movement of birds and animals from one place to another to escape harsh weather. Examples: Siberian crane and Arctic tern.
Q7. Mention one way in which the following animals have adapted to survive in their respective climates.
a. Camel: Stores fat in its hump and can survive without water for many days.
b. Stick insect: Uses camouflage to look like sticks and hide from predators.
c. African elephant: Has big ears to release heat and keep its body cool.
Q8. How are animals living in tropical climates adapted to keep their bodies cool?
Answer: Animals in tropical climates have thin fur, sweat glands, and large ears to release heat and keep cool.
Q9. Explain briefly how the polar bear is adapted to survive in the extremely cold climates.
Answer: Polar bears have thick fur, a layer of fat called blubber, and small ears to conserve heat. Their white fur also helps them blend with snow for protection.