D. Answer the following questions

1. List the main components of food 

Answer. The main components of food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber, essential for body functions.

2. Discuss the type of carbohydrates and their rich sources.

Answer. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fibre. Sugars are found in fruits and sweets, starches in grains and vegetables, and fiber in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. These provide energy and aid digestion.

3. Write the functions and two rich sources of (a)carbohydrates (b) Proteins (c) fats (d)vitamins, and (e) calcium

Answer. (a) Carbohydrates: Provide energy and support brain function. Rich sources: whole grains, fruits.

(b) Proteins: Build and repair tissues, and produce enzymes. Rich sources: meat, legumes.

(c) Fats: Supply energy, and support cell growth. Rich sources: avocados, nuts.

(d) Vitamins: Regulate body processes, and support immune function. Rich sources: vegetables, fruits.

(e) Calcium: Strengthen bones and teeth, and aid muscle function. Rich sources are dairy products and leafy greens.

4. What happens if we consume fats in large quantities?

Answer. Consuming fats in large quantities can lead to weight gain, obesity, heart disease, and high cholesterol. It may also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other health issues related to poor dietary habits.

5. Why does our body need water?

Answer. Our body needs water to regulate temperature, transport nutrients, remove waste, lubricate joints, and maintain overall cellular function. It is essential for digestion, circulation, and maintaining hydration, which is crucial for all bodily processes.

6. Name any three minerals needed in large quantities and three minerals needed in small quantities by our body.

Answer. Minerals needed in large quantities include calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Minerals needed in small quantities include iron, zinc, and selenium.

7. What do you understand by dietary fiber? Why do we need it in our diet?

Answer. Dietary fibre is the indigestible part of plant foods that helps in digestion. We need it in our diet to promote healthy bowel movements, prevent constipation, lower cholesterol levels, and help control blood sugar levels.

8. What do you understand by a balanced diet?

Answer. A balanced diet includes a variety of foods in the right proportions, providing essential nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It ensures proper body function, energy, and overall health.

9. What are deficiency diseases? Write five deficiency diseases along with the name of the nutrient linked with each

Answer. Deficiency diseases are health disorders caused by a lack of essential nutrients in the diet. Five deficiency diseases are:

1. Scurvy- Vitamin C

2. Rickets – Vitamin D

3. Anemia – Iron

4. Goiter – Iodine

5. Osteoporosis – Calcium

10. Name the disease caused by the deficiency of each of the following. Also, write two rich sources of each.

(a) Vitamin B12 (b) Iron (c)Vitamin D. (d) Iron (e) Potassium. Name the disease caused by the deficiency of each of the following. Also, write two rich sources of each.

Answer. (a)VitaminB12: Disease – Pernicious anaemia 

Rich sources – 1. Animal liver (beef liver, chicken liver) 

 2. Shellfish (clams, oysters) 

(b) Iron: Disease – Iron-deficiency anemia 

   Rich sources – 1. Red meat (beef, lamb) 

                  2. Spinach and other leafy greens 

(c) Vitamin D: Disease – Rickets (in children) or osteomalacia (in adults) 

   Rich sources – 1. Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel) 

                  2. Fortified dairy products (milk, yogurt) 

(d) Iron: Disease – Iron-deficiency anemia 

   Rich sources – 1. Red meat (beef, lamb) 

                  2. Spinach and other leafy greens 

(e) Potassium: Disease – Hypokalemia  

Rich sources – 1. Bananas 

                  2. Potatoes

11. What is ORS? When do we need an ORS treatment?

Answer. ORS stands for Oral Rehydration Solution. It is a solution of salts and sugars that is mixed with clean water and used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhoea.

ORS treatment is needed when a person, especially children or adults suffering from diarrhoea, loses excessive fluids and electrolytes from their body. Diarrhoea can lead to severe dehydration if not managed promptly. ORS helps to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration and its complications. It is recommended by health professionals as a safe and effective way to manage dehydration due to diarrhoea, especially in situations where access to medical facilities might be limited.