1. Choose the appropriate option
a) ______ empowers the Supreme Court to issue orders or writs to enforce the fundamental rights.
i) Right to Freedom
ii) Right Against Exploitation
iii) Right to Equality
iv) Right to Constitutional Remedies
Answer: Right to Constitutional Remedies
b) The Right to seek redressal for the violation of Fundamental Rights is authorised by the ______.
i) Constitution
ii) Parliament
iii) The President
iv) The Prime Minister
Answer: Constitution
c) ______ is prohibited by the Right against Exploitation.
i) Human trafficking
ii) Teaching in religious institutions
iii) Export of electrical goods
iv) Working in a textile factory
Answer: Human trafficking
2. Assertion and Reasoning
a) Assertion (A): Child labour is a form of exploitation.
Reason (R): It puts the life of children in jeopardy.
Answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Assertion (A): Every community in India must follow a single script.
Reason (R): Cultural multiplicity is a feature of India.
Answer: A is false but R is true.
3. Identify the Fundamental Right being violated
a) In a small town, a factory owner employs underage children to work long hours in hazardous conditions, depriving them of their right to education and a safe childhood.
Answer: Right against Exploitation and Right to Education are violated.
b) A politician in one state does not allow the workers from neighboring states to work in his state.
Answer: Right to Equality is violated.
4. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words
a) What are rights?
Rights are the basic freedoms and privileges that every individual is entitled to enjoy. They help people live with dignity, equality, and respect in society. Rights protect individuals from injustice and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to grow, express themselves, and lead a fair life.
b) What do you understand by the term ‘Child Labour’?
Child labour means employing children below a certain legal age in work that harms their physical, mental, or moral development. It prevents them from going to school and enjoying childhood. Child labour is considered a violation of human rights and is banned under Indian laws.
c) List the fundamental rights mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
The Indian Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights:
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies.
These rights protect citizens and promote justice, liberty, and equality.
d) What are the two exceptions to the Right to Equality?
The two exceptions to the Right to Equality are:
- The State can make special provisions for women and children.
- The State can provide special opportunities or reservations for socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes (SCs), and Scheduled Tribes (STs). These aim to promote fairness and social justice.
e) What are fundamental duties?
Fundamental duties are the moral obligations of every Indian citizen toward the nation. They remind citizens to respect the Constitution, protect public property, uphold unity, preserve the environment, and promote harmony. These duties help maintain national discipline and strengthen democratic values in society.
5. Answer the following questions in 70–80 words each
a) What are cultural and educational rights?
Answer: Cultural and educational rights protect the interests of minorities. They allow communities to preserve their language, culture, and traditions. Every group has the right to establish and manage its own educational institutions. This ensures that no one is discriminated against in schools or colleges on the basis of religion, language, or culture. These rights promote equality and safeguard India’s diversity.
b) What do you know about the Right to Freedom? Name the six rights to freedom that are guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.
Answer: The Right to Freedom is one of the most important fundamental rights. It gives citizens the freedom to live with dignity and express themselves freely. It includes six rights—freedom of speech and expression, peaceful assembly, forming associations, moving freely, residing anywhere in India, and practicing any lawful profession or trade. These freedoms are essential for personal growth and democracy.
c) ‘Right to Constitutional Remedies is the most important fundamental right.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answer
Answer: Yes, I agree. The Right to Constitutional Remedies allows citizens to approach the courts if their fundamental rights are violated. It empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to issue orders or writs to protect these rights. Without this right, all other fundamental rights would be meaningless because citizens would have no way to enforce them. Therefore, it is known as the “heart and soul” of the Constitution.
d) What are the duties of an Indian citizen?
Answer: Indian citizens have several duties such as respecting the Constitution, the national flag, and the national anthem. They should protect public property, preserve the environment, promote harmony, and defend the country. Citizens must also uphold the spirit of unity and contribute to the nation’s progress. These duties remind us that rights and responsibilities go hand in hand.
e) Do you think all the people in India enjoy all the Fundamental Rights? Give reasons to support your answer
Answer: In theory, every Indian citizen enjoys fundamental rights, but in reality, some people still face discrimination and injustice. Many poor children are denied education, and some communities experience inequality. However, the government and courts are working to ensure that everyone can access their rights equally. Awareness and education among citizens can help make these rights a reality for all.