Q1.  Choose the correct option.

1. Orchids are commonly found in.

a. Tropical rainforests b. boreal forests c.  Polar region. d. Grasslands

Answer: a. Tropical rainforests

2. The type of forests that have very low temperatures, often below zero degrees.

a. Temperate forests b. Boreal forests c. Polar region. d. Tropical rain forests.

Answer: b. Boreal forests

3. Rock like structures made of colonies of small marine vertebrates

a. Estuary b. Sea weeds c. Coral reefs. d. Mangroves.

Answer: c. Coral reefs

4. An adaptation commonly found in temperature forests.

 a. Pointed leaf trips b. Woody vines c. Hibernation d. Long roots to search for water

Answer:  c. Hibernation

5.An example of migration.

a. Siberian tiger b. Arctic tern c. Sloth d. Polar bear

Answer: b. Arctic tern

6. Some insects in rainforests have unusually bright colours to

a. attracts predators b. warn predators that they are poisonous c. prevent from cold temperatures d. camouflage against bright flowering plants.

Answer: b. Warn predators that they are poisonous

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

 1. Most trees in ______ (rainforests/temperate forests) shed their leaves once a year.

Answer: Most trees in _rainforest_____ (rainforests/temperate forests) shed their leaves once a year.

2.The _____marine__ (marine/freshwater) habitat consists of salt waterbodies on Earth.

3. A ____cactus_____ (cactus/lotus) has leaves with waxy coating to prevent them from rotting.

4.______Mangroves ___ (Mangroves/Pine trees) grow in regions where salt water mixes with fresh water.

5.A __polar bear_____ (polar bear/mountain goat) has padded feet to move on snow easily.

C. Give two examples of the following.

1.Animals in boreal forests.

Answer: Animals in boreal forests: Moose, Lynx

2.Animals that hibernate.

Answer: Animals that hibernate: Bears, Ground squirrels

 3. Evergreen trees

Answer: Evergreen trees: Pine, Spruce

 4.Plants whose stems are swollen and store water.

Answer: Plants whose stems are swollen and store water: Cactus, Aloe vera

5.Animals that can run very fast escape predators.

Answer: Animals that can run very fast to escape predators: Cheetah, Antelope

6.Aquatic plants.

Answer: Aquatic plants: Water lily, Duckweed

D. Answer the following questions.

1.Define ‘habitat ‘Write the names of the major habitats on Earth.

Answer: A habitat is the natural environment where a plant or animal lives. Major habitats on Earth include forests, deserts, grasslands, mountains, polar regions, and aquatic habitats.

2. Describe all the major habitats of the Earth in two sentences each. Also, give an example of a plant and an animal found in each.

• Answer: Forests: Forests are dense areas filled with trees and plants, providing shelter to many animals. Example: Tree – Oak; Animal – Deer.
• Deserts: Deserts are dry areas with very little rainfall, where plants like cacti store water. Example: Plant – Cactus; Animal – Camel.
• Grasslands: Grasslands are large open areas with grasses, where animals like zebras and giraffes graze. Example: Plant – Tall grasses; Animal – Zebra.
• Mountains: Mountain habitats are cold and rocky, with limited vegetation and animals adapted to the cold. Example: Plant – Pine tree; Animal – Mountain goat.
• Polar regions: Polar regions are extremely cold areas near the poles, home to animals like polar bears. Example: Plant – Moss; Animal – Polar bear.
• Aquatic habitats: Aquatic habitats are water-based areas like oceans, rivers, and lakes. Example: Plant – Seaweed; Animal – Fish.

3.Differentiate between the three main types of forests found on Earth. Give two examples of plants and animals found in each

Answer:  Tropical Rainforests: These are warm and wet forests with high biodiversity. Examples: Plant – Orchids, Ferns; Animals – Monkeys, Parrots.

Temperate Forests: These have moderate temperatures and distinct seasons. Examples: Plant – Maple, Oak; Animals – Deer, Fox.

Boreal Forests: These are cold forests with coniferous trees. Examples: Plant – Pine, Spruce; Animals – Moose, Lynx.

4.What do you understand by the term adaptation?

Answer: Adaptation is a change in plants or animals that helps them survive in their specific habitats, like how camels have humps to store fat for energy in the desert.

5.Give one example of how animals are adapted to live in rainforests.

Answer: In rainforests, some monkeys have strong tails that help them swing between trees to find food and escape predators.

6.With the help of an example, explain what camouflage is. How does it help animals to survive in grasslands?

Answer: Camouflage is when an animal blends into its environment to hide from predators or prey. For example, a lion’s tan fur helps it blend with the grass, making it easier to hunt without being seen.

7.With the help of an example, explain how plants have adapted themselves to survive in boreal forests.

Answer: In boreal forests, pine trees have needle-like leaves that help conserve water and are coated with wax to protect them from the cold.

8.Explain how a camel and a cactus are able to survive in regions with little on no water.

Answer: Camels store fat in their humps, which they use for energy, while cacti have thick stems to store water and spines instead of leaves to reduce water loss.

9.Discuss some of the ways in which a polar bear is adapted to live in polar regions.

Answer: Polar bears have thick fur and a layer of fat for warmth, and their white fur helps them blend into the snowy surroundings to hunt prey.

10. Discuss any two adaptations shown by freshwater plants.

Answer: Freshwater plants like water lilies have broad leaves that float on water to get sunlight easily, and their stems are flexible to move with water currents, preventing breakage.