II Short answer type questions
1. How do leguminous plants help to replenish nitrogen
Answer. Leguminous plants replenish nitrogen in the soil through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules, converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants.
2. What do you mean by parasitic nutrition?
Answer. Parasitic nutrition is a mode of feeding where an organism (parasite) derives nutrients from another living organism (host), causing harm to the host in the process.
3.Nutrition is an essential nutrient for plant growth but farmers who cultivate pulses like green gram, Bengal gram, black gram, etc. do not apply nitrogenous fertilisers during cultivation
Answer. Farmers cultivating pulses like green gram, Bengal gram, and black gram do not apply nitrogenous fertilizers because these leguminous plants fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic bacteria in their root nodules.
4. What are the differences and similarities between saprotrophs and parasites?
Answer. Saprotrophs obtain nutrients from dead organic matter, while parasites derive nutrients from living hosts. Both are heterotrophic and rely on external sources for nutrition, not producing their own food.
5. Give examples of some plants in which photosynthesis takes place in the part other than leaves. why does it occur?
Answer. Photosynthesis occurs in stems of cacti and the green branches of asparagus. This happens when leaves are reduced or absent to minimize water loss or adapt to specific environmental conditions.
III. LONG ANSWER TYPE OF QUESTIONS
- How is water transported to the leaves?
Answer. Water is transported to the leaves through a process called transpiration. It begins in the roots, where water is absorbed from the soil. The water then travels upward through the plant’s xylem vessels, a type of tissue specifically designed for water transport. This upward movement is driven by capillary action and the transpiration pull, which is created by water evaporating from the leaf surfaces. This continuous flow supplies the necessary water for photosynthesis and other cellular processes.
- Describe the role of photosynthesis.
Answer. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy. This energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar, and oxygen. Photosynthesis is vital because it provides the primary source of energy for plants and releases oxygen, which is essential for the survival of most living organisms.
4. Describe symbiosis. How do nutrients get replenished in the soil?
Answer. Symbiosis is a relationship between two different organisms where both benefits. For example, in legumes, root nodules house nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form plant can use. This replenishes soil nutrients as the plant dies and decomposes, returning nitrogen to the soil. Additionally, decomposers like fungi and bacteria break down dead matter, releasing nutrients back into the soil, and enhancing its fertility.
5.Name the type of nutrition in the following plants:
- Wheat (b)Sundew (c) Bread mould (d) Venus flytrap (e) Algae
The types of nutrition in the following plants are:
(a) Wheat – Autotrophic nutrition
(b) Sundew – Insectivorous (Carnivorous) nutrition
(c) Bread mould – Saprotrophic nutrition
(d) Venus flytrap – Insectivorous (Carnivorous) nutrition
(e) Algae – Autotrophic nutrition